Curriculum Vitae


1)Personal Information:


Full Name: Hossein Zamani
Academic Ranking: Assistant Professor
Department: Department of Food Machinery Design
Field of Studies (Major): Mechanical Engineering Energy Conversion
University (graduated from): Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
E-mail: h.zamani@rifst.ac.ir


2) Research Projects


  1. Dimensional and experimental analysis of the effect of high hydrostatic pressure treatment on functional, rheological, and structural properties of millet starch , Research Inspector , 2021

  2. Design and construction of an energy storage system for indirect solar cooker and its performance analysis , Principal researcher , 2019

  3. Designing a Rice Quality Assessment and Ranking Model Based on Tayyib Indices , Co-principal researcher

  4. compilation of pistachio quality assessment and ranking model based on tayebe index , Co-principal researcher

  5. Designing a Quality Assessment Ranking Model of Saffron Based on Tayyib Indices , Co-principal researcher , 2020

  6. Improvement of rheological, organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of Barbari bread based on whole flour (barley, wheat and sprouted wheat) under controlled fermentation conditions , Co-principal researcher , 2020

  7. Design and fabrication of a idirect solar cooker , Principal researcher , 2018

  8. Flat Bread Baking Machine Design with Programmable Baking Track , Co-principal researcher , 2019

  9. Determining Quality Control Criteria in Tayyeb Bread Production Chain , Co-principal researcher , 2019

  10. Optimization of bread baking substrate using cast iron substrate, ceramic, metal and clay coatings , Co-principal researcher , 2019

  11. the conceptual design and feasibility study of the production to eat chain for tayyeb bread , Principal researcher , 2020

  12. Study and Investigation of forming trend and current situation of Halal food brand in order to exploit in designing of Tayyeb brand , Co-principal researcher

  13. Road map development of Food Industry Association in razavi Science and Technology Corridor , Principal researcher

  14. Studies for Food Brand Design of “Tayeb” (Case study: bread Tayeb) , Principal researcher , 2017

  15. Design and fabrication of a compact solar for cooker for travel usage , Principal researcher

  16. Designing and Manufacturing of Chocolate Rolling Mill Micronized Plant , Research Inspector , 2017

  17. To Write a Software for Producing Process System of a Food-Applied it for a Milk Sterilization System , Research Inspector

  18. - , Research Inspector

  19. - , Principal researcher

  20. - , Principal researcher

  21. - , Principal researcher

  22. - , Principal researcher

  23. - , Principal researcher

  24. - , Principal researcher

  25. - , Principal researcher

  26. - , Principal researcher

  27. - , Research Inspector

  28. - , Principal researcher

  29. - , Co-principal researcher

  30. - , Principal researcher

  31. - , Principal researcher

  32. Design and manufacture of rotary pump , Principal researcher , 2002

  33. - , Co-principal researcher

  34. - , Principal researcher

  35. - , Research Inspector

  36. Design and manufacture of semi-automatic fodder shredding machine , Principal researcher , 2000

  37. - , Principal researcher

  38. - , Co-principal researcher

3) Publications


  1. najmeh mazhary,Alireza Sadeghian,Hossein Zamani*,Samira Yeganehzad,Abbas Afrasiabi Garakani , The Effect of Cast Iron, Ceramic and Clay Baking Substrate on Thermal, Textural, Sensory Characteristics and the Heavy Metals in Bread , Research and Innovation in Food Science and Technology , 2023 ; 12 (3) : 291 - 304

  2. Seyed Javad Hosseini,Mostafa Shahidi Noghabi*,Hossein Zamani,غلامحسین ظهوری,Mahboobe Sarabi-Jamab , Oliveria decumbens and Pistacia atlantica Gum's Essential Oils: Assessment of Antimicrobial and Chemical Properties During Thermal Process , Iranian Food Science and Technology Research Journal , 2023 ; 19 (3) : 65 - 77

  3. Meysam Khatibi,Hossein Zamani*,Seyyed Mahdi Mirzababaee* , Flatbread baking process under time-varying input power in a home-scale electric oven: 3D CFD simulation with experimental validation , Thermal Science and Engineering Progress , 2023 ; 46 : 102129 -

  4. Sara Naji tabasi*,Mostafa Shahidi Noghabi,Toktam Hejrani,Hossein Zamani,Marzieh Hosseininezhad , Improving the Quality and Shelf life of Barbari Bread Based on Mixed Whole Flour Using Spontaneously Fermented Sourdough and Sourdough Containing Lactobacillus plantarum , Innovation in food science and technology , 2022 ; : -

  5. Mohamad Hosseinzadeh,Seyyed Mahdi Mirzababaee*,Hossein Zamani , Experimental Study of the Effect of Sun Tracking on the Performance of an Evacuated Tube Solar Cooker , Journal of Mechanical Engineering, University of tabriz , 2022 ; 52 (2) : 281 - 288

  6. Mohamad Hosseinzadeh,Seyyed Mahdi Mirzababaee*,Hossein Zamani , Thermodynamic Analysis of an Evacuated Tube Solar Cooker under Different Operating Conditions , Journal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics , 2021 ; 11 (5) : 259 - 268

  7. Bibi Marzieh Razavizadeh*,Moslem Jahani,Hossein Zamani , Identify Effective Strategies for the Design and Commercialization of Tayyeb Food Brand , Journal Of Halal Research , 2021 ; 4 (3) : 1 - 9

  8. Mohamad Hosseinzadeh,Saleh Alizadeh Momen,Seyyed Mahdi Mirzababaee*,Hossein Zamani,Ali Kianifar , Experimental Investigation of Indoor Cooking Using an Indirect Solar Cooker Integrated with Heat Storage Materials , Journal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics , 2021 ; 11 (3) : 207 - 219

  9. Seyyed Mahdi Mirzababaee*,Ali Faezian,Ali Rafe,Hossein Zamani , Effect of different parameters on the design of baking bread on the quality and textural properties of flat bread , Food Science and Technology , 2021 ; 118 (18) : 223 - 235

  10. hadi afkar,Ali Kianifar*,Hossein Zamani , Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Effect of Ascending Step Heat Flux on Porosity and Brightness of Baked Bread , Modares Mechanical Engineering , 2021 ; 21 (6) : 367 - 378

  11. Javad Feizy*,Mahboobe Sarabi-Jamab,Moslem Jahani,Hossein Zamani , Developing a Quality Evaluation and Ranking Model of Tayyib Saffron , Journal Of Halal Research , 2021 ; 3 (4) : 30 - 46

  12. Mohamad Hosseinzadeh*, ,Hossein Zamani*,Ali Kianifar*,Seyyed Mahdi Mirzababaee,Ali Faezian , Experimental study of a nanofluid-based indirect solar cooker: Energy and exergy analyses , SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS , 2021 ; 221 : 1 - 14

  13. hadi afkar,Ali Kianifar*,Hossein Zamani* , Investigation of the effect of variable heat flux on energy consumption and bread quality in the flat bread baking process by experimental and numerical methods , Energy Sources Part A-Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects , 2020 ; : 1 - 17

  14. Sara Naji tabasi*,Asma Verdian,Hossein Zamani,Laya Asghari,Shafagh Shirzaee , Study of quality characteristics, microbial contamination, heavy metals, and toxins in different types of internal and imported rice , Journal of Food Hygiene , 2020 ; 10 : 85 - 100

  15. Mohamad Hosseinzadeh, ,Hossein Zamani*,Ali Kianifar*,Seyyed Mahdi Mirzababaee , The performance improvement of an indirect solar cooker using multi-walled carbon nanotube-oil nanofluid: An experimental study with thermodynamic analysis , RENEWABLE ENERGY , 2020 ; 165 (part 1) : 14 - 24

  16. Hossein Zamani,Sara Naji tabasi*,حسین افخمی روحانی, ,Mostafa Shahidi Noghabi , Conceptual Explanation of the Food Production Cycle Based on Tayyib Food Indices in the Holy Quran , Research on Religion & Health , 2020 ; 6 (2) : 165 - 179

  17. Mohamad Hosseinzadeh,Hossein Zamani*,Seyyed Mahdi Mirzababaee,Ali Faezian,farzad zarrinkalam , Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Wind Speed on the Performance of a Portable Parabolic Solar Cooker from Energy and Exergy Viewpoints , Modares Mechanical Engineering , 2020 ; 20 (6) : 1525 - 1532

  18. Mohamad Hosseinzadeh,Ali Faezian,Seyyed Mahdi Mirzababaee*,Hossein Zamani , Parametric analysis and optimization of a portable evacuated tube solar cooker , ENERGY , 2020 ; 194 : 116816 - 116832

  19. mostafa ahmadzadeh*,Hossein Zamani , Tayyib Food Indexes from the Perspective of the Holy Qur'an , Quran and Medicine , 2019 ; 4 (4) : 13 - 18

  20. ,Marzieh Hosseininezhad*,Sara Naji tabasi,Hossein Zamani , Evaluation of Bacterial Flora and Biochemical Changes during Spontaneous Wheat Bran Fermentation , Applied microbiology in food industry , 2019 ; 5 (2) : 70 - 81

  21. Mohamad Hosseinzadeh,Seyyed Mahdi Mirzababaee*,Hossein Zamani,Ali Faezian , Modeling of an Evacuated Tube Solar Cooker and Investigation of Weather Parameters Effect , Modares Mechanical Engineering , 2019 ; 19 (7) : 1573 - 1584

  22. mohamad aramesh,mehdi ghalebani,alibakhsh kasaeian,Hossein Zamani,giulio lorenzini,امید ماهیان*,somchai wongwises , A review of recent advances in solar cooking technology , RENEWABLE ENERGY , 2019 ; 140 : 419 - 435

  23. Hossein Zamani*,Seyyed Mahdi Mirzababaee,Majid Hashemian , An Experimental Study on the Effect of Thermal Shield on Energy Saving in Cooking Pot , Research and Innovation in Food Science and Technology , 2019 ; 7 (4) : 353 - 364

  24. Sara Naji tabasi*,Hossein Zamani,Javad Feizy , Indicators of Tayyib Foods as Foods Superior to Organic and Functional Foods , Religion and Health , 2018 ; 6 (1) : 62 - 68

  25. Hossein Zamani*,امید ماهیان,ایمان رشیدی,Giulio Lorenzini,Somchai Wongwises , Exergy Optimization of a Double-Exposure Solar Cooker by Response Surface Method , Journal of thermal science and engineering applications , 2017 ; 9 (1) : 1 - 7

  26. Hossein Zamani*,Mostafa Shahidi Noghabi,Mojtaba Maamorian , Optimization of the side mirrors angle of a solar cooker using response surface methodology (RSM) , Research and Innovation in Food Science and Technology , 2016 ; 5 (3) : 291 - 302

  27. Hossein Zamani,Mohammad Moghiman*,Ali Kianifar , Optimization of the parabolic mirror position in a solar cooker using the response surface method (RSM) , RENEWABLE ENERGY , 2015 ; 81 : 753 - 759

  28. Hossein Zamani*,Ali Kianifar,Mohammad Moghiman,Mojtaba Maamorian , Experimental Study of a Double-Exposure Solar Cooker based on the Parabolic and Flat Reflected Surfaces , International journal of advanced renewable energy research , 2015 ; 2 (2) : 240 - 245

  29. Hossein Zamani,Mohammad Moghiman,Ali Kianifar , Experimental Study of the Effects of the Parabolic Reflected Surfaces on a Solar Cooker Performance , Journal of Mechanical Engineering, University of tabriz , 2015 ; 45 (4) : 47 - 53

  30. Hossein Zamani,Hashem Mohazzab , - , مکانیک طوس ; : -

  31. Hossein Zamani,Mohammad Mahdi Ghandi,Gholam Reza Malekzadeh,Seyed Hossein Keshmiri , ارائه الگویی برای تدوین برنامه راهبردی توسعه فناوری خلأ در کشور , دانش و فناوری در صنایع غذایی ; : -


4) Conference Papers


  1. maysam mosavinejad*,Hossein Zamani,Mohsen Heydari,mojtaba jokar , Solar Collector Design Procedure for Saffron Drying and Its Relationship with the Tayyeb Principles , international conference on tayyeb food , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  2. Mostafa Shahidi Noghabi,Elham Zaerzadeh,Hossein Zamani,seyde Maryam kharazi,mojtaba jokar* , The principles of pistachio production based on the principle of being Halal , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  3. Bibi Marzieh Razavizadeh*,Moslem Jahani,Hossein Zamani,mojtaba jokar , Study of the main motivations for the formation and halal brand globalization as a model for Tayyeb emblem , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  4. Mohammad Ali Hesarinejad*,Sara Naji tabasi,Hossein Zamani , Investigating of the indicators of Tayyeb concept as a top food brand , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  5. Hossein Zamani*,seyde Maryam kharazi,Ahmad Balandari , Examining the challenges of wheat production in the field in order to increase the quality of the product , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  6. Sara Naji tabasi,Asma Verdian,Hossein Zamani,mojtaba jokar*,seyde Maryam kharazi , Monitoring the production of Tayyeb rice, from the farm to consumption , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  7. Hossein Zamani,mojtaba jokar*,hosein ebrahimzadeh,mohammadhosein khademkhatibi , The principles and components of Tayyeb Emblem , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  8. mojtaba jokar*,alireza ezadi,Hossein Zamani,mohammad soheoli,saeed emami,hosein ebrahimzadeh , Indicators and evaluation method of food products in Tayyab model , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  9. Hossein Zamani,mojtaba jokar*,alireza izadi,hosein ebrahimzadeh,saeed emami,hosein haghi , Explanation of Tayyab evaluation model: logic, criteria and foundations , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  10. Hossein Zamani*,mojtaba jokar , Explanation of the main components of the food chain in the view of Islam , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  11. Hossein Zamani* , Halal and Tayyeb food in the traditions of the infallible imams (peace be upon them) , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  12. maysam mosavinejad,Hossein Zamani*,Mohsen Heydari,mojtaba jokar , Investigation Of Different Types Of Saffron Dryers In Order To Produce High-Quality Products , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  13. maysam mosavinejad,Hossein Zamani*,Mohsen Heydari,mojtaba jokar , Effect Of Drying Mechanism In Order To Maintain Product Quality (Case Study Of Saffron) , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  14. Hossein Zamani*,seyde Maryam kharazi,Ahmad Balandari , A comprehensive look at bread as a basic commodity in the world s food basket: production, consumption and costs , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  15. Hossein Zamani*,seyde Maryam kharazi,Ahmad Balandari , Mechanism of action of improvers in bread quality: positive and negative , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  16. Hossein Zamani*,seyde Maryam kharazi,Ahmad Balandari , Investigating the principles of transportation and storage of wheat with the approach of reducing waste , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  17. Hossein Zamani*,seyde Maryam kharazi,Ahmad Balandari , Bread waste and practical solutions to reduce it , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  18. seyde Maryam kharazi,mojtaba jokar*,Hossein Zamani,Atefeh Farahmand,samaneh rastgoo , Investigating the halal principle in the supply of Tayyeb meat , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  19. Hossein Zamani*,mojtaba jokar,farnaz ghanizadeh,hosein ebrahimzadeh,alireza akbarzadeh , Producing Tayyeb bread, Islamic and legal requirements , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  20. حسین افخمی روحانی*,Hossein Zamani , Human flourishing and growth with Tayyeb sustenance , Tayyab international food conference , 2022 ; Iran , mashhad

  21. حسین افخمی روحانی*,Hossein Zamani , Halal and good sustenance , the second congress on hallal food , 2021 ; Iran , tehran

  22. Hossein Zamani,mojtaba jokar*,Atefeh Farahmand,samaneh rastgoo , Investigating the principle of solubility in the production chain up to red meat , the second congress on hallal food , 2021 ; Iran , tehran

  23. mojtaba jokar*,Hossein Zamani,alireza ezadi,mahmood javanjaafari , Quantitative and qualitative market research of halal and tayyeb food products , the second congress on hallal food , 2021 ; Iran , tehran

  24. alireza ezadi,farnaz ghanizadeh,mojtaba jokar*,Hossein Zamani , Investigating the relationship between halal and tayyeb in the bread production chain , the second congress on hallal food , 2021 ; Iran , tehran

  25. Hossein Zamani*,mojtaba jokar , Explain the conceptual model of tayyeb food , the second congress on hallal food , 2021 ; Iran , tehran

  26. Hossein Zamani,mojtaba jokar*,alireza ezadi,saeed emami,sajad hejazi , Designing a good evaluation model for food products , the second national congress of hallal food , 2021 ; Iran , tehran

  27. Hossein Zamani*,mojtaba jokar,saeed emami,mohammad soheoli , The pillars of the tayyeb , the second national congress on hallal food , 2021 ; Iran , tehran

  28. Javad Feizy,Mahboobe Sarabi-Jamab,Hossein Zamani,mojtaba jokar* , The role of religious, legal and public boundaries on the saffron production chain , 6th National Conference on Saffron , 2021 ; Iran , Gonabad

  29. Javad Feizy*,Mahboobe Sarabi-Jamab,Moslem Jahani,Hossein Zamani,Elaheh Moradi , Saffron challenges: from farm to fork , 6th National Conference on Saffron , 2021 ; Iran , Gonabad

  30. Javad Feizy,Mahboobe Sarabi-Jamab,Hossein Zamani*,mojtaba jokar , Relationship between Halal and Tayyib in Saffron Production Chain , The Second National Congress on Halal Food , 2021 ; Iran , Tehran

  31. Bibi Marzieh Razavizadeh*,Moslem Jahani,Hossein Zamani , Reviews key actions for the development and application of Halal brand ideas , The 8th Islamic Pattern of Iranian Progress , 2019 ; Iran , Tehran

  32. Sara Naji tabasi*,Hossein Zamani, , بررسی بازار جهانی نان ارگانیک , THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE MEDICINAL PLANTS AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE , 2018 ; Iran , MASHHAD

  33. Sara Naji tabasi*,Hossein Zamani , demand and supply of bread and its waste in Iran , , 2018 ; Iran , مشهد

  34. Sara Naji tabasi*,Hossein Zamani , Illustration of Tayyeb Food Indicators as Superior Standard In Comparison With Halal foods , INTERNATION HALAL CONFERENCE , 2017 ; Iran , MASHHAD

  35. Bibi Marzieh Razavizadeh*,Moslem Jahani,Hossein Zamani , Strategic factor analysis from the current status of Halal food brand in Malaysia and Iran , 1st international Halal conference , 2017 ; Iran , Mashhad

  36. Hossein Zamani*,Ahmad Balandari,Bibi Marzieh Razavizadeh , بازمهندسی زنجیره ایده تا محصول در فرآیندهای تمدنی؛ مطالعه موردی تغذیه , , 2017 ; Iran , تهران

  37. Bibi Marzieh Razavizadeh*,Moslem Jahani,Hossein Zamani , بررسی تجربه جهانی غذای حلال , , 2017 ; Iran , تهران

  38. Hossein Zamani*,zahra hafezi , Work and Entrepreneurship in Islamic Culture and Civilization , 6th Iranian Islamic Pattern of Progress Conference , 2016 ; Iran , tehran

  39. Hossein Zamani*,Ahmad Balandari,Bibi Marzieh Razavizadeh , Idea Chain Reengineering in Civilization Processes, Case Study of Nutrition Process , 6th Iranian Islamic Pattern Progress Conference , 2016 ; Iran , tehran

  40. Hossein Zamani*,Mostafa Shahidi Noghabi,Mojtaba Maamorian , Investigation of the effect of angle of side mirrors on solar cooked cooker on energy absorption , 4th Iranian Conference on Renewable Energy and Distributed Generation , 2016 ; Iran , mashhad

  41. Hossein Zamani*,ehsan sokhtanloo,Ali Kianifar,Mohammad Moghiman , Experimental study of the effect of using nickel and chromium nanoparticles on adsorbent plate coating on thermal performance of a solar cooker , 4th Iranian Conference on Renewable Energy and distributed generation , 2016 ; Iran , mashhad

  42. Hossein Zamani,Seyed Hossein Keshmiri,yadollah farzaneh,Jafar Malekjafarian , - , ; , مشهد

  43. Seyed Hossein Keshmiri,Hossein Zamani,Abouzar Amini,yadollah farzaneh , - , ; , مشهد

  44. Hossein Zamani,Gholam Reza Malekzadeh,امیر ملک زاده , معرفی کاربرد های فناوری خلا در تحقیقات نوین غذایی , ; , مشهد - پارک علم و فناوری خراسان

  45. Seyed Hossein Keshmiri,Hossein Zamani,Saeed Rabiei,مهرداد قائمی,Jafar Ahmadi Majidi , - , ; , مشهد

  46. Hossein Zamani , الزامات نرم افزاری و فرهنگی تحقق آرمان شهر رضوی , ;

  47. Hossein Zamani,Seyed Hossein Keshmiri,Mohammad Mahdi Ghandi,Gholam Reza Malekzadeh , ضرورت تدوین برنامه راهبردی برای توسعه فناوری خلا در کشور , ; , دانشگاه صنعتی شریف

  48. Hossein Zamani,Masoud Pour,Abouzar Amini,Seyed Hossein Keshmiri , طراحی و ساخت محفظه استوانه­ای شیشه­ای برای دستگاه تبخیر حرارتی در خلاء , ; , دانشگاه صنعتی شریف

  49. Hossein Zamani,Mohammad Mahdi Ghandi,امیر ملک زاده,Seyed Hossein Keshmiri , اولویت های ملی تحقیق و توسعه در زمینه تجهیزات و سیستم های خلاء بالا , ; , دانشگاه صنعتی شریف

  50. Hossein Zamani,Masoud Pour,Gholam Reza Malekzadeh,امیر ملک زاده,Seyed Hossein Keshmiri , معرفی کاربردهای فناوری خلا در زمینه تحقیقات غذایی , ; , دانشگاه صنعتی شریف

  51. Hossein Zamani , ایجاد واحدهای رشد برای توسعه مناطق روستایی , ; , مشهد


5) Thesis


  1. The Effect of Growth Medium Ingredients on Antimicrobial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Wheat Bran and Effect of Strains with Highest Antimicrobial Activity on Bread Shelf Life , Co-Supervisor

  2. An Experimental Study on the Effect of Gender and Quality Level of bread baking bed on the chemical pollution and quality of semi volume bread , Supervisor , 2023

  3. Experimental study of the effects of metal-oxides and nonmetal-oxides nanofluids on a indirect solar cooker from the energy and exergy view points , Supervisor , 2019

  4. Experimental investigation of the effect of using phase change material on the performance of an indirect solar cooker with parabolic collector: energy and exergy analysis , Co-Supervisor , 2019

  5. a study of thermal shield effects on heat flux rise in circular water cotainers , Co-Supervisor , 2018

  6. capcity of culture of ziarat to creat a new islamic civiziation , Co-Supervisor

  7. design and construction of parabolic solar cooker and analysis of cooking in it , Co-Supervisor

  8. Construction, theoretical and laboratory study of the optimal heat transfer process of bread baking , Supervisor


6) Books



7) Inventions


  1. Chamber under vacuum for baking bread with a parabolic solar oven , 95742 , 2018 , Iran

  2. Basket for carrying bread , 95427 , 2018 , Iran

  3. Cooling device for all kinds of machine and industrial breads , 95377 , 2018 , Iran

  4. double exposure solar cooker with adjustable mirrors for heating control , 91656 , 2017 , iran


8) Teaching background


  1. Advanced technologies , 1402 , Course 1


9) Workshops Presented